Figure 26: Sarasvatī and Dṛṣadvatī as the northern and southern boundaries of Vara Pṛthivyā.
North of Dṛṣadvatī is Kurukṣetra and South of Dṛṣadvatī is Kurujāṅgala Sahibi (Śiphā) collects all waters from Rajasthan in the south, leaving no scope for a Dṛṣadvatī to flow from south to north in this region.
Figure 27: Ṛgvedic Āpayā (Aitihāsic Āpagā) River flowing through Kurukṣetra.
Figure 28: Vipāś and Śutudrī. Their confluence can be seen. After expanding the territory upto Vipāś and Śutudrī (3rd Maṇḍala), Sudās engages with enemies in the Dāśarājña Battle at Paruṣṇī (Ravi River) further to the north-west.
Figure 29: River Yamunā, also known as Aṃśumatī in its southern course. The probable location of the Battle of Yamunā has been indicated with Turvaśa-Yakṣu and Matsya territories marked.
Figure 30: Paruṣṇī with the layout of the Dāśarājña Battle. The 10 clans who participated in this battle as well as their opponent Tṛtsu Bharatas face each other along the Paruṣṇī river, the western boundary of the domain of the Tṛtsu king Sudās.
Figure 31: Approximate routes of the Indo-European Migrations.
Figure 32: Expelled by the Tṛtsus (Pāñcālas) the Pūrus (Samvaraṇa-Bharata) migrated from Vara Pṛthivyā.
Figure 33: The rivers Vibālī, Vitastā and Marudvṛdhā as the three channels of Jhelum
Figure 34: Sindhu flowed in an eastern channel during the Ṛgvedic period, after it enters the plains after flowing through the Pothohar plateau.
Figure 35: Sarayu as Haro River, an eastern tributary of Sindhu.
Figure 36: Migration of the Manu-People from the southern sea (Gujarat) along Sarasvatī / Sarayu to the Ancestral Sarayu. From there, the Western Ikṣvākus (Tṛkṣis) migrate to the western Sarayu (Haro) and the Eastern Ikṣvākus migrate to the eastern Gomatī (Gomti) and Sarayū (Ghaghara)
Figure 37: the path from Kosala to Kekaya mentioned in Rāmāyaṇa (VRM 2.62.10-14) passing through Hastinapura and Kurujāṅgala with Pāñcālas (Tṛtsus) living in Kurujāṅgala. This geography and path are possible only in the Ṛgveda 10th Maṇḍala period.
Figure 38: Migration of the Eastern Ikṣvākus from the Ancestral Sarayu (Sarasvatī) to the Aitihāsic Sarayū (Ghaghara)
Figure 39: The Tṛtsu Bharatas (Pāñcālas) migrating from Vara Pṛthivyā (Kurukṣetra) to Kurujāṅgala (as recorded in Rāmāyaṇa) and finally to their location to the east of Gaṅgā with capitals Kāmpilya and Ahicchatra (as recorded in the Mahābhārata).
Figure 40: The probable locations of the Sixteen Lands of the Ahuras mentioned in the Avestan text Vendidād.
Figure 41: Ūrjayantī is Sarasvatī (Sarsuti) and Sarapas is Ghaggar. I identify it with the Śaradaṇḍā River mentioned in Rāmāyaṇa in a journey from Ayodhyā to Kekaya capital Girivraja.
Figure 42: The rivers of (Aitihāsic) Kurujāṅgala region: Śiphā, Añjasī, Kuliśī and Vīrapatnī. Śiphā is the Sahibi River. Añjasī is Yavyāvatī (western channel of Yamunā, Kuliśī is Dṛṣadvatī and Vīrapatnī is Sarasvatī.
Figure 43: Kubhā (Kabul River) and Krumu (Kurram), two western tributaries of Sindhu (Indus). Kubhā was the primary access to Afghanistan for the Ṛgvedic People. The source of Krumu too leads to Afghanistan.
Figure 44: The migration of the Pakthas and Bhalānas from Asiknī (Chenab) River after the Dāśarājña Battle. Pakthas migrated along the Kubhā (Kabul) River. Bhalānas migrated into Baluchistan.
Figure 45: The river Anitabhā is identified as the Kondia River.
Figure 46: Ikṣvāku migration to Ancestral Sarayu, Gomatī , Vanāyu and to western Sarayu (Haro River)
Figure 47: The Ṛgvedic Gomatī (Gomal), Ancestral Sarayu (Sarasvatī), Aitihāsic Gomatī (Gomti) and Aitihāsic Sarayū (Ghaghara) to the east in Uttar Pradesh. Ikṣvāku migrations are highlighted in yellow.
Figure 48: Sindhu flowed in an eastern channel during the Ṛgvedic period. It enters the plains after flowing through the Pothohar plateau.
Figure 49: During the 4th Maṇḍala Period, the rivers Ārjīkīyā and Suṣomā were tributaries of Sarayu joining it through the Nandna Kas. During the 8th Maṇḍala Period, Ārjīkīyā and Suṣomā joined Sindhu through the rivers Sil and Sohan.
Figure 50: The nine Ṛgvedic references to Rasā all point to the river Sindhu (Indus River). The map also shows the Trans-Himalayan Trade Route and the Uttarāpatha Trade Route. The probable meeting place of Sarama and the Paṇis is shown on this map.